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  • Question 1 - Which of the following acute phase reactants increases the most dramatically in the...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following acute phase reactants increases the most dramatically in the first hour following injury?

      Your Answer: Fibrinogen

      Correct Answer: C-reactive protein

      Explanation:

      Measurement of acute-phase proteins, especially C-reactive protein, is a useful marker of inflammation. It correlates with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), however not always directly. This is due to the ESR being largely dependent on elevation of fibrinogen, an acute phase reactant with a half-life of approximately one week. This protein will therefore remain higher for longer despite removal of the inflammatory stimuli. In contrast, C-reactive protein (with a half-life of 6-8 hours) rises rapidly and can quickly return to within the normal range if treatment is employed.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      21.1
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - The predominant site in the lymph node where B lymphocytes are found is:...

    Correct

    • The predominant site in the lymph node where B lymphocytes are found is:

      Your Answer: Cortex

      Explanation:

      The cortex of the lymph node consists of the lymphoid nodules and sinusoids and posses a germinal centre from which B cells proliferate. The cortex of the lymph node predominately consists of B cells.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      18.2
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - HLA class III genes encode for ...

    Incorrect

    • HLA class III genes encode for

      Your Answer: HLA-dr

      Correct Answer: Complement

      Explanation:

      HLAs corresponding to MHC class III encode components of the complement system.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      17.6
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Tumour necrosis factor is a cytokine. What is its major function? ...

    Correct

    • Tumour necrosis factor is a cytokine. What is its major function?

      Your Answer: Promotion of inflammation

      Explanation:

      Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine that has a wide variety of functions. It can cause cytolysis of certain tumour cell lines; it is involved in the induction of cachexia; it is a potent pyrogen, causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion; it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation under certain conditions.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      12.7
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Neutrophils are attracted to an infected area by: ...

    Incorrect

    • Neutrophils are attracted to an infected area by:

      Your Answer: Cytokines

      Correct Answer: Chemokines

      Explanation:

      The major role of chemokines is to act as a chemoattractant to guide the migration of cells like neutrophils to the site of infection.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      8.5
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - The only APCs that can activate naive T lymphocytes are: ...

    Incorrect

    • The only APCs that can activate naive T lymphocytes are:

      Your Answer: Helper t cells

      Correct Answer: Dendric cells

      Explanation:

      Only professional antigen-presenting cells (macrophages, B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells) are able to activate a resting helper T-cell when the matching antigen is presented. However, macrophages and B cells can only activate memory T cells whereas dendritic cells can activate both memory and naive T cells, and are the most potent of all the antigen-presenting cells.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      12.3
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Amongst the following cells, which is responsible for the secretion of defensins? ...

    Incorrect

    • Amongst the following cells, which is responsible for the secretion of defensins?

      Your Answer: Basophils

      Correct Answer: Neutrophils

      Explanation:

      Eosinophils are phagocytic and they are directed against helminths. Basophils are involved in allergic reactions and contain histamine and vasoactive granules in their cytoplasm. Mast cells are similar to basophils. Monocytes differentiate into macrophages in the tissue, secret interleukins and are phagocytic. Neutrophils are phagocytic but are also responsible for secreting defensins.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      47.1
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Which of the following features do mast cells and basophils have in common:...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following features do mast cells and basophils have in common:

      Your Answer: Are essential for delayed type-hypersensitivity reactions

      Correct Answer: Are essential for immediate type-hypersensitivity reactions

      Explanation:

      Anaphylaxis is a severe immediate allergic reaction of rapid onset affecting many body systems. It is due to the release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines from mast cells and basophils. Basophils are the least common of the granulocytes, representing about 0.5 to 1% of circulating white blood cells. However, they are the largest type of granulocyte. They are responsible for inflammatory reactions during immune response, as well as in the formation of acute and chronic allergic diseases, including anaphylaxis, asthma, atopic dermatitis and hay fever. They can perform phagocytosis (cell eating), produce histamine and serotonin that induce inflammation, and heparin that prevents blood clotting. Mast cells are similar in appearance and function. Both cell types store histamine, a chemical that is secreted by the cells when stimulated.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      6.5
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Where in the body would you find Kupffer cells? ...

    Correct

    • Where in the body would you find Kupffer cells?

      Your Answer: Liver

      Explanation:

      Kupffer cells are hepatic macrophages. They are responsible for 80% of the phagocytic activity in the liver.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      17.5
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - What is the function of cytotoxic T cells? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the function of cytotoxic T cells?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Kill by inserting perforins and by initiating apoptosis

      Explanation:

      Cytotoxic T cells, once activated, approach the infected cell, insert perforins and release granzymes inducing apoptosis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Immunology
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Immunology (6/9) 67%
Medicine (6/9) 67%
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