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Question 1
Incorrect
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Regarding the innervation of cerebral blood vessels, which of the following triggers a vasoconstrictor effect?
Your Answer: VIP
Correct Answer: Neuropeptide-Y
Explanation:Substance P is a potent vasodilator, VIP or vasoactive intestinal peptide has vasodilator properties in the intestines. PHM 27 is a potent calcitonin receptor agonist; endogenous analogue of human VIP. CGRP or Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide is a vasodilator which is found to play an important role in migraines. Neuropeptide Y is a strong vasoconstrictor.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Neurology
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Question 2
Correct
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Which dorsal (sensory) root is responsible for umbilical area sensation?
Your Answer: T10
Explanation:The area of skin supplied by one nerve is called a dermatome. T10 supplies sensory neurons to the area of the umbilicus. C3 and C4 supply the neck and the shoulder, T4 supplies the dermatome at the level of the nipple, S3 supplies the inguinal region and L5 supplies the lateral aspect of the leg and the medical aspect of the dorsum of the feet plus the first 3 toes.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Neurology
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Question 3
Correct
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Efferent innervation of the muscle spindle is supplied by which type of motor neuron?
Your Answer: Gama – motor neuron
Explanation:The muscle spindle is supplied by both sensory and motor nerves. Sensory supply is via Type Ia fibers whereas the motor supply is via gamma motor neurons.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Neurology
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Question 4
Incorrect
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What is found in the posterior cavity of the eye?
Your Answer: Ciliary body
Correct Answer: Vitreous humor
Explanation:The eye ball contains an anterior cavity and a posterior cavity. The anterior cavity once again is divided into the anterior chamber and posterior chamber. The anterior cavity is filled with aqueous humor whereas the posterior cavity contains vitreous humor.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Neurology
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Question 5
Correct
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Visual pathways - Choose the true statement:
Your Answer: The lateral geniculate nucleus, magnocellular & parvocellular pathways project to the primary visual cortex
Explanation:The optic chiasm is made by the decussation of optic fibers on the nasal side. The magnocellular pathway carries signals for detection of movement. The parvocellular pathway carries cells for detection of shape, size, colour and clarity. The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is the relay centre in the thalamus for he visual pathway. It has layers of magnocellular cells and parvocellular cells that are interleaved with layers of koniocellular cells. The LGN is the main central connection for the optic nerve to the occipital lobe, particularly the primary visual cortex.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Neurology
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Question 6
Correct
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The midbrain, medulla and pons, contain the following cranial nerve nuclei?
Your Answer: CN 3 - 12
Explanation:The cranial nerves (with the exception of I and II) originate in the brainstem, which includes the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Neurology
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Question 7
Incorrect
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Which neurotransmitter is made from hydroxylation and decarboxylation of tryptophan?
Your Answer: Histamine
Correct Answer: Serotonin
Explanation:Serotonin is synthesized from the essential amino acid tryptophan. The rate-limiting step is the conversion of the amino acid to 5-hydroxytryptophan by tryptophan hydroxylase. This is then converted to serotonin by the aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Neurology
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Question 8
Incorrect
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Cranial nerves VI, VII, VIII enter/exit the base of the brain at the:
Your Answer: Corpora quadrigemina
Correct Answer: Ponto-medullary junction
Explanation:Cranial nerves III, IV and V exit from the pons, VI, VII, VIII exit from the pontomedullary junction and cranial nerve IX, X, XI, XII exit from the medulla.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Neurology
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Question 9
Incorrect
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The ependyma fuse with which of the following to from the choroid plexus?
Your Answer: Arachnoid mater
Correct Answer: Tela choroidea
Explanation:The choroid plexus produces the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain. It consists of modified ependymal cells. Tela choroidea is a region of pia mater of the meninges and underlying ependyma that’s a part of the choroid plexus. It is a very thin layer of the connective tissue of pia mater that overlies and covers the ependyma.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Neurology
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Question 10
Incorrect
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During which stage of sleep is muscle tone in the limbs most reduced?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: REM
Explanation:Rapid eye movement (REM) stage is marked by extensive physiological changes in the body, such as accelerated respiration, increased brain activity and muscle relaxation. People dream during REM sleep, perhaps as a result of excited brain activity and the paralysis of major voluntary muscles.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Neurology
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