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  • Question 1 - Which receptor type is associated with uterine contracture in pregnancy? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which receptor type is associated with uterine contracture in pregnancy?

      Your Answer: Α2

      Correct Answer: Α1

      Explanation:

      Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors cause uterine contraction during pregnancy. They are linked to Gq-proteins that activate smooth muscle contraction through the IP3 signal transduction pathway.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      15.6
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - The primary auditory cortex is: ...

    Incorrect

    • The primary auditory cortex is:

      Your Answer: Brodmann area 17

      Correct Answer: Brodmann area 41

      Explanation:

      A Brodmann area in the brain is defined by cytoarchitecture, histology and organization of cells:
      Primary Sensory 3,1,2
      Primary Motor 4
      Premotor 6
      Primary Visual 17
      Primary Auditory 41
      Brocas 44

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      16.3
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - The hippocampus is involved in the memory of: ...

    Incorrect

    • The hippocampus is involved in the memory of:

      Your Answer: Classical conditioning

      Correct Answer: Facts

      Explanation:

      The hippocampus plays an important role in forming new memories about experienced events. Some researchers say that hippocampus plays a major role in declarative memory for example memory of facts.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      16.2
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Which cranial nerve is responsible for the parasympathetic nerve supply of the thorax...

    Correct

    • Which cranial nerve is responsible for the parasympathetic nerve supply of the thorax and upper abdomen?

      Your Answer: CN X

      Explanation:

      Cranial nerve X supplies the structures of the thorax and abdomen. All the rest of the cranial nerves supply the structures in the head and neck

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      4.6
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - The neurotransmitter utilised by the Purkinje cells is: ...

    Incorrect

    • The neurotransmitter utilised by the Purkinje cells is:

      Your Answer: Acetylcholine

      Correct Answer: GABA

      Explanation:

      The cerebellar cortex consist of 3 layers: the molecular layer, the granular cell layer and the Purkinje cell layer. Purkinje cells play a fundamental role in controlling motor movement. They release a neurotransmitter called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) which exerts inhibitory actions thereby reducing transmission of impulses. These inhibitory functions enable purkinje cells to regulate and coordinate motor movements.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      21.8
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Which statement is incorrect regarding nociceptor C fibers… ...

    Incorrect

    • Which statement is incorrect regarding nociceptor C fibers…

      Your Answer: Cold receptors also spans this fiber

      Correct Answer: They are thinly myelinated

      Explanation:

      Group C nerve fibers are unmyelinated and have a small diameter, which means they conduct impulses at a low velocity. They carry sensory information and nociception.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      26.2
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - What landmark divides the frontal and parietal lobes? ...

    Correct

    • What landmark divides the frontal and parietal lobes?

      Your Answer: Central sulcus

      Explanation:

      The central sulcus divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. It contains the motor cells for the movement function of the body.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      9.1
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Regarding taste threshold and intensity discrimination: ...

    Correct

    • Regarding taste threshold and intensity discrimination:

      Your Answer: 30% change in concentration of substance tasted is necessary before an intensity difference can be detected

      Explanation:

      The ability of humans to differentiate differences in intensity of taste is poor. A 30% change in the concentration of the substance being tasted is required before an intensity difference is perceived.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      24.5
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - In a 60kg adult male with normal mean arterial pressure and oxygen consumption,...

    Incorrect

    • In a 60kg adult male with normal mean arterial pressure and oxygen consumption, what proportion of the cardiac output at rest goes to the brain?

      Your Answer: 5-10%

      Correct Answer: 10-15%

      Explanation:

      The rate of cerebral blood flow in the adult is typically 750 millilitres per minute, which is 10-15% of the cardiac output. On average around 13.9% of cardiac output is distributed to the brain.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      13.2
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - In the basal ganglia, the Lentiform nucleus is formed by which two nuclei?...

    Incorrect

    • In the basal ganglia, the Lentiform nucleus is formed by which two nuclei?

      Your Answer: Caudate and putamen

      Correct Answer: Putamen and Globus pallidus

      Explanation:

      The Basal Ganglia are composed of the following structures: Caudate, putamen, Globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra. The lentiform nucleus comprises of the putamen and the Globus pallidus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      41.8
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - Which one of the following neurotransmitters is considered a monoamine? ...

    Correct

    • Which one of the following neurotransmitters is considered a monoamine?

      Your Answer: Acetylcholine

      Explanation:

      Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter in the peripheral nervous system. Monoamine neurotransmitters contain only one amino group joined to an aromatic ring. Acetylcholine is produced from acetyl-CoA and choline.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      30.8
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - Endolymph in the inner ear is rich in: ...

    Incorrect

    • Endolymph in the inner ear is rich in:

      Your Answer: Ca

      Correct Answer: K

      Explanation:

      Cochlear fluids namely endolymph and perilymph have different compositions. Perilymph is a typical extracellular fluid, with ionic composition comparable to plasma or cerebrospinal fluid. The main cation is sodium. Endolymph is a totally unique extracellular fluid, with an ion composition unlike that which is found anywhere else in the body. The major cation in the endolymph is potassium and there is virtually no sodium.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      7.2
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - The brainstem contains which of the following structures? ...

    Correct

    • The brainstem contains which of the following structures?

      Your Answer: The midbrain, pons and medulla

      Explanation:

      Brain stem is the base of the brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord. It consists of the mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      5.4
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - In the olfactory pathway: Mitral cells project to five regions of the olfactory...

    Incorrect

    • In the olfactory pathway: Mitral cells project to five regions of the olfactory cortex. Which one of the following is not one of the five regions?

      Your Answer: Olfactory tubercle

      Correct Answer: Posterior olfactory nucleus

      Explanation:

      The olfactory system contains peripheral and central divisions which are connected by transduction structures. Peripheral division consists mainly of the nostrils, ethmoid bone, nasal cavity, and the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory neurons are receptor cells in the epithelium that detect odour molecules dissolved in the mucus and transmit information about the odour to the brain in a process called sensory transduction. Olfactory nerves and fibers transmit information about odours from the peripheral olfactory system to the central olfactory system of the brain. The main olfactory bulb transmits pulses to both mitral and tufted cells, which help determine odour concentration. These cells also note differences between highly similar odours and use that data to aid in later recognition. The cells are different with the mitral having low firing-rates and being easily inhibited by neighbouring cells, while tufted have high rates of firing and are more difficult to inhibit. The uncus houses the olfactory cortex which includes the piriform cortex, amygdala, olfactory tubercle, and para-hippocampal gyrus. Entorhinal cortex is an area of middle temporal lobe that has connection with the para-hippocampal gyrus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      7.9
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - Habituation… ...

    Correct

    • Habituation…

      Your Answer: Is a simple form of learning in which a neutral stimulus is repeated many times

      Explanation:

      It is a simple form of learning where an organism decreases or ceases it’s response to a certain stimuli after repeated presentation. The organisms learns to stop responding to a stimulus which is no longer biologically relevant.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      18.4
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - The motor speech area (Brocas Area) is: ...

    Correct

    • The motor speech area (Brocas Area) is:

      Your Answer: Brodmann area 44

      Explanation:

      A Brodmann area in the brain is defined by cytoarchitecture, histology and organization of cells:
      Primary Sensory 3,1,2
      Primary Motor 4
      Premotor 6
      Primary Visual 17
      Primary Auditory 41
      Brocas 44

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      4.6
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - Where is the aqueous humor normally reabsorbed? ...

    Correct

    • Where is the aqueous humor normally reabsorbed?

      Your Answer: Canal of schlemm

      Explanation:

      Aqueous humor is a clear protein free fluid secreted by the ciliary body, it travels to the anterior chamber through the pupil and is absorbed through a network of trabeculae into the canal of schlemm

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      10.7
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - Regarding gustatory sensation: ...

    Correct

    • Regarding gustatory sensation:

      Your Answer: The sensory taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue travel to the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve

      Explanation:

      There are three morphologically distinct types of taste buds including; circumvallate, fungiform and foliate. Circumvallate are rounded structures arranged in a v on the back of the tongue. The posterior third travels to glossopharyngeal nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      30.3
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - The majority striatal neurons, called medium spiny neurons, utilizes which neurotransmitter? ...

    Correct

    • The majority striatal neurons, called medium spiny neurons, utilizes which neurotransmitter?

      Your Answer: GABA

      Explanation:

      Medium spiny neurons are inhibitory neurons which use GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) which exerts inhibitory actions. These cells represent 95% of neurones within the human striatum found in basal ganglia.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      9.5
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - Efferent innervation of the muscle spindle is supplied by which type of motor...

    Correct

    • Efferent innervation of the muscle spindle is supplied by which type of motor neuron?

      Your Answer: Gama – motor neuron

      Explanation:

      The muscle spindle is supplied by both sensory and motor nerves. Sensory supply is via Type Ia fibers whereas the motor supply is via gamma motor neurons.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      11
      Seconds

  • Question 21 - The primary visual cortex is located in the: ...

    Correct

    • The primary visual cortex is located in the:

      Your Answer: Occipital lobe

      Explanation:

      The primary visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      4.5
      Seconds

  • Question 22 - The outer and inner surfaces of the arachnoid mater is covered with: ...

    Correct

    • The outer and inner surfaces of the arachnoid mater is covered with:

      Your Answer: Mesothelial cells

      Explanation:

      The arachnoid mater is one of the three meninges that covers the brain and spinal cord. It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial and much thicker dura mater and the deeper pia mater, from which it is separated by the subarachnoid space. The arachnoid mater consists of a subdural mesothelial layer and a compact central layer

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      11.2
      Seconds

  • Question 23 - The primary sensory cortex is: ...

    Correct

    • The primary sensory cortex is:

      Your Answer: Brodmann area 3,1,2

      Explanation:

      A Brodmann area in the brain is defined by cytoarchitecture, histology and organization of cells:
      Primary somatosensory cortex is areas 3,1, and 2
      Primary Motor 4
      Premotor 6
      Primary Visual 17
      Primary Auditory 41
      Brocas 44

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      6.8
      Seconds

  • Question 24 - The midbrain, medulla and pons, contain the following cranial nerve nuclei? ...

    Correct

    • The midbrain, medulla and pons, contain the following cranial nerve nuclei?

      Your Answer: CN 3 - 12

      Explanation:

      The cranial nerves (with the exception of I and II) originate in the brainstem, which includes the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      6.7
      Seconds

  • Question 25 - A typical sleep cycle from stage 1 to the end of REM sleep...

    Correct

    • A typical sleep cycle from stage 1 to the end of REM sleep in a normal adult is approximately how long?

      Your Answer: 90 min

      Explanation:

      A single sleep cycle has stages 1, 2, 3, 4 and REM (Rapid eye movement). These stages progress cyclically from 1 through to REM and then begin again with stage 1. A complete sleep cycle takes an average of 90-110 minutes, with each stage lasting between 5 to 15 minutes.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      9
      Seconds

  • Question 26 - The majority of corticospinal tract fibers decussate in the: ...

    Correct

    • The majority of corticospinal tract fibers decussate in the:

      Your Answer: Medulla

      Explanation:

      The corticospinal tract is a descending motor path way that begins in the cerebral cortex and decussates in the pyramids of the medulla.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      7.6
      Seconds

  • Question 27 - Which neurotransmitter is made from hydroxylation and decarboxylation of tryptophan? ...

    Correct

    • Which neurotransmitter is made from hydroxylation and decarboxylation of tryptophan?

      Your Answer: Serotonin

      Explanation:

      Serotonin is synthesized from the essential amino acid tryptophan. The rate-limiting step is the conversion of the amino acid to 5-hydroxytryptophan by tryptophan hydroxylase. This is then converted to serotonin by the aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      8.9
      Seconds

  • Question 28 - Increase Gamma motor neuron activity produces what effect on the muscle spindle sensitivity?...

    Correct

    • Increase Gamma motor neuron activity produces what effect on the muscle spindle sensitivity?

      Your Answer: Increase

      Explanation:

      The muscle spindle is supplied by both sensory and motor nerves. Sensory supply is Type Ia fibers whereas motor supply is via gamma motor neurons. These neurons also play a role in adjusting the sensitivity of muscle spindles. Increased neuron activity increases the muscle spindle sensitivity.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      4.8
      Seconds

  • Question 29 - Which of the following forms the language areas of the cerebral cortex? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following forms the language areas of the cerebral cortex?

      Your Answer: All of the above

      Explanation:

      Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the submarginal sulcus and the angular gyrus all form the language areas of the cerebral cortex.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      18.2
      Seconds

  • Question 30 - Choose the correct answer: The cerebrocerebellum… ...

    Correct

    • Choose the correct answer: The cerebrocerebellum…

      Your Answer: All options are correct

      Explanation:

      Cerebrocerebellum is comprised of two lateral regions, the cerebellar hemispheres and communicates with the cerebral cortex. It is principally responsible for controlling coordination of movement. Three fiber bundles carry the input and output of the cerebellum. There are three cerebellar peduncles with different connections and functions. The three are mainly, superior, middle and inferior. The superior cerebellar peduncle is also known as the “Brachium conjunctivum”. It predominantly contains efferent fibers from the cerebellar nuclei, as well as some afferents from the spinocerebellar tract. The efferent pathways include cerebellorubral, dentatothalamic, and fastigioreticular fibers. These are tracts projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus and red nucleus. The middle cerebellar peduncle connects to the pontine nucleus and the dorsal spinocerebellar tracts run through the superior cerebellar peduncle

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Neuro-anatomy
      14.9
      Seconds

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Neuro-anatomy (21/30) 70%
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