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  • Question 1 - Where is Vitamin B 12 absorbed? ...

    Correct

    • Where is Vitamin B 12 absorbed?

      Your Answer: Terminal ileum

      Explanation:

      Protein-bound vitamin B12 must be released from the proteins by the action of digestive proteases in both the stomach and small intestine. Gastric acid releases the vitamin from food particles; therefore antacid and acid-blocking medications (especially proton-pump inhibitors) may inhibit absorption of B12. B12 must be attached to Intrinsic Factor (IF) for it to be efficiently absorbed, as receptors on the enterocytes in the terminal ileum of the small bowel only recognize the B12-IF complex; in addition, intrinsic factor protects the vitamin from catabolism by intestinal bacteria.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      9.3
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Synthesis of haem for haemoglobin occurs in the? ...

    Incorrect

    • Synthesis of haem for haemoglobin occurs in the?

      Your Answer: None of the above

      Correct Answer: Mitochondria of the red blood cells

      Explanation:

      Haemoglobin (Hb) is synthesized in a complex series of steps. The haem part is synthesized in a series of steps in the mitochondria and the cytosol of immature red blood cells, while the globin protein parts are synthesized by ribosomes in the cytosol.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      19.5
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Choose the correct statement regarding the protein C/S system? ...

    Correct

    • Choose the correct statement regarding the protein C/S system?

      Your Answer: The protein C/S complex inactivates factor Va and VIIIa

      Explanation:

      The best characterized function of Protein S is its role in the anti coagulation pathway, where it functions as a cofactor to Protein C in the inactivation of Factors Va and VIIIa.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      25.2
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Which statement about antithrombin III is true? ...

    Correct

    • Which statement about antithrombin III is true?

      Your Answer: It inhibits particularly factor II and X

      Explanation:

      Antithrombin inactivates its physiological target enzymes, Thrombin (Factor II), Factor Xa and Factor IXa. ATIII binds to thrombin and then forms the thrombin-anti thrombin complex or TAT complex. This is a major natural pathway of anticoagulation. This binding of thrombin to AT is greatly enhanced in the presence of heparin.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      26.7
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Inactive cellular marrow is called ...

    Correct

    • Inactive cellular marrow is called

      Your Answer: Yellow marrow

      Explanation:

      The two types of bone marrow are red marrow, which consists mainly of hematopoietic tissue, and yellow marrow, which is mainly made up of fat cells.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      4.7
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - The following play a role in regulation of intestinal iron absorption except: ...

    Incorrect

    • The following play a role in regulation of intestinal iron absorption except:

      Your Answer: Hereditary hemochromatosis gene

      Correct Answer: Urinary iron excretion rate

      Explanation:

      The human body’s rate of iron absorption appears to respond to a variety of interdependent factors, including total iron stores, dietary intake, the extent to which the bone marrow is producing new red blood cells, the concentration of haemoglobin in the blood, and the oxygen content of the blood. Classic examples of genetic iron overload includes hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) and the more severe disease juvenile hemochromatosis (JH).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      25.1
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - The actions of thrombin result directly in the release of: ...

    Correct

    • The actions of thrombin result directly in the release of:

      Your Answer: Fibrin monomers

      Explanation:

      Thrombin in turn acts as a serine protease that converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble strands of fibrin, as well as catalysing many other coagulation-related reactions.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      23.9
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Where is intrinsic factor secreted? ...

    Correct

    • Where is intrinsic factor secreted?

      Your Answer: Gastric parietal cells

      Explanation:

      Intrinsic factor (IF), also known as gastric intrinsic factor (GIF), is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) later on in the small intestine.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      6.4
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Where is the most erythropoietin produced? ...

    Correct

    • Where is the most erythropoietin produced?

      Your Answer: Kidneys

      Explanation:

      Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with peritubular capillary and proximal convoluted tubule. It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver. While liver production predominates in the fetal and perinatal period, renal production is predominant during adulthood.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      4.9
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Regarding transportation of iron in the body, the process in which iron is...

    Correct

    • Regarding transportation of iron in the body, the process in which iron is transported from the enterocyte into the blood occurs using which transporter protein:

      Your Answer: Ferroportin

      Explanation:

      Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) transport several divalent metals including iron across the enterocyte’s cell membrane into the cell. The cell can then release it into the body via the only known iron exporter in mammals, ferroportin.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      19.5
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - Choose the most correct answer, what reduces affinity for oxygen in haemoglobin? ...

    Correct

    • Choose the most correct answer, what reduces affinity for oxygen in haemoglobin?

      Your Answer: All the options are true

      Explanation:

      The strength with which oxygen binds to haemoglobin is affected by several factors. These factors shift or reshape the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. A rightward shift indicates that the haemoglobin under study has a decreased affinity for oxygen. The causes of shift to right can be remembered using the mnemonic, CADET, face Right! for CO2 and CO, Acid (H+), 2,3-DPG, Exercise and Temperature.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      18.5
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - One of the cells of the bone marrow that are responsible for forming...

    Correct

    • One of the cells of the bone marrow that are responsible for forming the various forms of differentiated blood cells are called?

      Your Answer: Hematopoietic stem cell

      Explanation:

      Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or hemocytoblasts are the stem cells that give rise to all the other blood cells through the process of haematopoiesis. They are derived from mesoderm and located in the red bone marrow, which is contained in the core of most bones.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      66.9
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - The haemostatic plug formation in response to injured blood vessel wall is stimulated...

    Incorrect

    • The haemostatic plug formation in response to injured blood vessel wall is stimulated by exposure of which substance to platelets?

      Your Answer: Glycoprotein 1b

      Correct Answer: Collagen

      Explanation:

      When the endothelium is damaged, the normally isolated, underlying collagen is exposed to circulating platelets, which bind directly to collagen with collagen-specific glycoprotein Ia/IIa surface receptors. This adhesion is strengthened further by von Willebrand factor (vWF), which is released from the endothelium and from platelets.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      101.4
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Regarding Iron stores, which of the following contains the highest proportion of total...

    Correct

    • Regarding Iron stores, which of the following contains the highest proportion of total body iron?

      Your Answer: Haemoglobin

      Explanation:

      Most well-nourished people in industrialized countries have 4 to 5 grams of iron in their bodies. Of this, about 2.5 g is contained in the haemoglobin needed to carry oxygen through the blood, and most of the rest (approximately 2 grams in adult men, and somewhat less in women of childbearing age) is contained in ferritin complexes that are present in all cells, but most common in bone marrow, liver, and spleen.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      33.2
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - The structure of haemoglobin A in adults includes ...

    Correct

    • The structure of haemoglobin A in adults includes

      Your Answer: Haem, globin polypeptide chains α and β

      Explanation:

      Haemoglobin A (HbA), also known as adult haemoglobin or α2β2, is the most common human haemoglobin tetramer, comprising over 97% of the total red blood cell haemoglobin. It consists of two alpha chains and two beta chains.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      8.1
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - Where is Vitamin B12 mainly stored in the body? ...

    Correct

    • Where is Vitamin B12 mainly stored in the body?

      Your Answer: Liver

      Explanation:

      The total amount of vitamin B12 stored in body is about 2–5 mg in adults. Around 50% of this is stored in the liver. Approximately 0.1% of this is lost per day by secretions into the gut, as not all these secretions are reabsorbed.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      3.4
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - Which of the following foods do NOT contain high levels of folate? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following foods do NOT contain high levels of folate?

      Your Answer: Eggs

      Correct Answer: Yellow vegetables

      Explanation:

      Folate naturally occurs in a wide variety of foods, including vegetables (particularly dark green leafy vegetables), fruits and fruit juices, nuts, beans, peas, dairy products, poultry and meat, eggs, seafood, grains, and some beers. Avocado, beetroot, spinach, liver, yeast, asparagus, and Brussels sprouts are among the foods with the highest levels of folate

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      5.6
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - Bone marrow barrier is important to: ...

    Incorrect

    • Bone marrow barrier is important to:

      Your Answer: All of the above

      Correct Answer: Allow mature red blood cells to pass into circulation

      Explanation:

      The blood vessels of the bone marrow constitute a barrier, inhibiting immature blood cells from leaving the marrow. Only mature blood cells contain the membrane proteins, such as aquaporin and glycophorin, that are required to attach to and pass the blood vessel endothelium.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      7.8
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - Which of the following vitamin deficiencies is associated with xerophthalmia? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following vitamin deficiencies is associated with xerophthalmia?

      Your Answer: Vitamin A

      Explanation:

      Xerophthalmia caused by a severe vitamin A deficiency is described by pathologic dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea. The conjunctiva becomes dry, thick and wrinkled. If untreated, it can lead to corneal ulceration and ultimately to blindness as a result of corneal damage.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      16.8
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - All of the following are Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors except: ...

    Correct

    • All of the following are Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors except:

      Your Answer: Factor XI

      Explanation:

      Activated Vitamin K is used to gamma carboxylate (and thus activate) certain enzymes involved in coagulation: Factors II, VII, IX, X, and protein C and protein S. Inability to activate the clotting cascade via these factors leads to the bleeding symptoms

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Medicine
      9.1
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Haematology (15/20) 75%
Medicine (15/20) 75%
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