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  • Question 1 - Physiological effects of T3 on the heart include all the following except: ...

    Incorrect

    • Physiological effects of T3 on the heart include all the following except:

      Your Answer: Increased expression of serca pump gene

      Correct Answer: Increased expression of β-myosin heavy chain gene

      Explanation:

      Tri-iodothyronine, also known as T3, is a hormone which can affect almost every system in the human body. In the heart, it increases the number of β1-adrenergic receptors, enhances the response to circulating catecholamines, increases the proportion of α-myosin heavy chains in the atria, and increases the expression of serca pump gene.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      14.1
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Where is thyroglobulin produced? ...

    Incorrect

    • Where is thyroglobulin produced?

      Your Answer: Colloid

      Correct Answer: Thyrocytes

      Explanation:

      Thyroglobulin, or Tg, is a protein that functions as the precursor to thyroid hormones. It is synthesized by thyrocytes and then secreted into the colloid. It also functions as a negative-feedback regulator of thyroid hormone biosynthesis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      17
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Which of the following hormones would stimulate secretion of TSH? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following hormones would stimulate secretion of TSH?

      Your Answer: TRH

      Explanation:

      Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, also known as TRH, thyrotropin-releasing factor, TRF is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus. It functions as a releasing hormone, promoting the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone or thyrotropin and prolactin.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      5.7
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - What microscopic changes are visible in an active thyroid gland? ...

    Incorrect

    • What microscopic changes are visible in an active thyroid gland?

      Your Answer: Follicles are large

      Correct Answer: Follicle lining cells are cuboid or columnar.

      Explanation:

      Active follicles are lined by cuboidal or columnar cells; this is because active follicles are smaller and have less colloid. Their cells are tall because they are actively secreting hormones, whereas older follicles have a flat epithelium and are filled with more colloid.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      10.8
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Which one of the following leads to decreased prolactin levels? ...

    Correct

    • Which one of the following leads to decreased prolactin levels?

      Your Answer: Dopamine

      Explanation:

      Dopamine has an important effect on the regulation of prolactin secretion. Dopamine binds to type-2 dopamine receptors of the lactotroph cells that are functionally linked to membrane channels and G proteins and suppresses the high secretory activity of the pituitary lactotrophs.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      7
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Where do the portal hypophysial vessels arise? ...

    Incorrect

    • Where do the portal hypophysial vessels arise?

      Your Answer: Pituitary fossa

      Correct Answer: Median eminence

      Explanation:

      The hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system connects the brain to the anterior pituitary. It is made up of two capillary beds, one in the median eminence and the other in the anterior pituitary. Blood from the plexus of the median eminence is carried by portal veins, draining into the cavernous and posterior intercavernous sinuses. This system delivers hypothalamic hormones to their target cells.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      6.8
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Compact/cortical bone makes up ...

    Incorrect

    • Compact/cortical bone makes up

      Your Answer: Inner layer of most bones and accounts for 80% of bone in the body

      Correct Answer: The outer layer of most bones and accounts for 80% of bone in the body

      Explanation:

      Cortical, lamellar, or compact bone, is more dense than spongy bone and it forms the rigid, outer layer of bones, also called cortex. It consists of packed osteons, with a central osteonic canal surrounded by concentric rings. Spaces called lacunae are filled with osteocytes, and channels called canaliculi go from the lacunae to the osteonic canal. The strength of cortical bone allows it to support the body and protect organs. It also stores different elements, such as calcium.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      33.1
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Which of the following features is least commonly seen in Gitelman’s syndrome? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following features is least commonly seen in Gitelman’s syndrome?

      Your Answer: Hypertension

      Explanation:

      Gitelman syndrome is an autosomal recessive kidney disorder characterized by hypokalaemia metabolic alkalosis with hypocalciuria, and hypomagnesemia. In contrast to patients with Gordon’s syndrome, those suffering from Gitelman’s syndrome are generally normotensive or hypotensive.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      10.4
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Which one of the following will increase an individual’s appetite? ...

    Correct

    • Which one of the following will increase an individual’s appetite?

      Your Answer: Ghrelin

      Explanation:

      Ghrelin is a hormone which exerts a strong influence on hunger and energy balance. It helps regulate appetite by being secreted when the stomach is empty, to stimulate hunger. When the stomach is filled, its secretion stops.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      4.9
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - The main efferent input of the posterior pituitary gland comes from: ...

    Incorrect

    • The main efferent input of the posterior pituitary gland comes from:

      Your Answer: Paracrine hormones secreted from the hypothalamus via pituitary portal veins

      Correct Answer: Paracrine hormones secreted from the hypothalamus via axons.

      Explanation:

      The posterior pituitary or neurohypophysis consists of a collection of axonal projections emerging from the hypothalamus. It releases hormones directly from these axonal endings into circulation; these hormones are oxytocin and vasopressin.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      87.4
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - Which of the flowing plasma proteins has the greatest affinity for T4? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the flowing plasma proteins has the greatest affinity for T4?

      Your Answer: Thyroxin-binding globulin

      Explanation:

      There are three principal plasma thyroid hormone-binding proteins, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), transthyretin (TTR), and albumin. TBG is synthesized in the liver and due to its relatively high affinity for iodothyronines, binds and carries approximately 70–75% of circulating T4 and T3.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      11.6
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - The onset of puberty is triggered by ...

    Correct

    • The onset of puberty is triggered by

      Your Answer: Increase in pulsatile GNRH secretion from hypothalamus

      Explanation:

      The onset of puberty is associated with high GNRH pulsing, which precedes the rise in sex hormones. Brain tumours which increase GNRH output may also lead to premature puberty. The cause of the GNRH rise is unknown.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      38.2
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - In which of the following are the enzymatic mechanisms for producing aldosterone found?...

    Incorrect

    • In which of the following are the enzymatic mechanisms for producing aldosterone found?

      Your Answer: Zona reticularis

      Correct Answer: Zona glomerulosa

      Explanation:

      The zona glomerulosa is the outermost layer of the adrenal gland. In it, aldosterone is secreted as a response to an increase in potassium levels, decreased blood flow, or renin. This secretion is regulated by the renin-angiotensin system.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      11.1
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Which one of the following is most likely to be seen in a...

    Incorrect

    • Which one of the following is most likely to be seen in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I?

      Your Answer: Pheochromocytoma

      Correct Answer: Insulinoma

      Explanation:

      Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1 syndrome) or Wermer’s syndrome is part of a group of disorders, the multiple endocrine neoplasias, that affect the endocrine system through development of neoplastic lesions in the ‘three P’s’:Parathyroid (>90%): hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid hyperplasiaPituitary (15-42%)Pancreas (60-70%, e.g. insulinoma, gastrinoma)

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      2118.3
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - What is the effect of oxytocin on the breast? ...

    Incorrect

    • What is the effect of oxytocin on the breast?

      Your Answer: Milk formation

      Correct Answer: Milk ejection

      Explanation:

      Oxytocin is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide, produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. It causes the milk ejection or let-down reflex, causing the milk to be transported to the subareolar sinuses, allowing it to be released through the nipple. This response is initiated by the act of suckling by the baby, but it can be conditioned to be triggered by different stimuli.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      23.3
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - In the microanatomy of the pituitary gland, the pituicytes present are in fact...

    Correct

    • In the microanatomy of the pituitary gland, the pituicytes present are in fact modified forms of which cells?

      Your Answer: Astrocytes

      Explanation:

      Pituicytes are glial cells present in the pars nervosa, the posterior pituitary gland. Their irregular shape resembles that of astrocytes, and their cytoplasm also has intermediate filaments. They differ from astrocytes in that they have large cytoplasmic lipid droplets.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      23.4
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - Periodic fevers occur in humans with mutations in the gene for pyrin. Pyrin...

    Incorrect

    • Periodic fevers occur in humans with mutations in the gene for pyrin. Pyrin is a protein found in which one of the following cells?

      Your Answer: T lymphocytes

      Correct Answer: Neutrophils

      Explanation:

      Pyrin, also known as marenostrin or TRIM20, is a protein encoded by the Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene, causing the autoinflammatory disease familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Pyrin produces an increased sensitivity to intracellular signals. It is produced mainly in neutrophils, which display an increased ratio of cells entering apoptosis when exposed to pyrin.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      17
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - Which glucose transporter is responsible for the uptake of glucose in ß cells?...

    Incorrect

    • Which glucose transporter is responsible for the uptake of glucose in ß cells?

      Your Answer: GLUT 7

      Correct Answer: GLUT 2

      Explanation:

      Glucose transporter 2, also known as GLUT2 is a transmembrane carrier protein which is not insulin dependent. It is found in the liver and the pancreatic islet ß cells, where it functions as the primary glucose transporter that allows the transfer of glucose between these organs and blood.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      6.8
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - What causes increased insulin sensitivity? ...

    Correct

    • What causes increased insulin sensitivity?

      Your Answer: Exercise

      Explanation:

      Physical activity, through its effect on insulin sensitivity, is one of the main modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes. It is estimated that by each weekly 500 kcal increment in exercise related energy consumption, the lifetime risk of suffering from type 2 diabetes is reduced by 9%. Up to two hours after exercise, glucose uptake is elevated due to insulin independent mechanisms; however, insulin sensitivity remains increased for at least 16 hours after exercising.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      13.8
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - What is the fat called that serves as a considerable source of heat...

    Incorrect

    • What is the fat called that serves as a considerable source of heat in children?

      Your Answer: White adipose tissue

      Correct Answer: Brown adipose tissue

      Explanation:

      Brown adipose tissue, also known as BAT or brown fat, coforms the adipose tissue along with white adipose tissue (WAT) or white fat. While WAT is responsible for energy-storage, BAT is involved in thermogenesis and energy expenditure. It is more prevalent in children than in adults, and its activation during adolescence is associated to less weight gain and adiposity. BAT produces heat by non-shivering thermogenesis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      • Medicine
      14.6
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Endocrinology (8/20) 40%
Medicine (8/20) 40%
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